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In the final lecture, we discuss the systemic impacts of AI. We consider how AI is impacting job markets, and whether we can expect a “jobs apocalypse”. We discuss the impact of AI on democracy and autocracy, and how AI is already reshaping great power conflict between the US and China. We examine the environmental footprint of AI, and especially the use of electricity and water by AI datacentres. Finally, we consider the nascent anti-AI protest movement, and discuss how AI may become a divisive political issue in the near future.

Download Lecture 8 slides (PowerPoint, 9.2MB)

Watch Lecture 8 video

What you need to understand:

  1. Systemic vs. acute risks
  2. Market concentration
  3. Why AI favours tyranny
  4. The geopolitics of AI
  5. Datacentre resource consumption
  6. The anti-AI protest movement

Sample essay questions

What impact is AI having on the jobs market? will AI “replace all cognitive labour” in the near future?

Discuss the global impact of AI on the economy, democracy, and geopolitical stability

Reading List

Handa 2026

Massenkoff & McCrory 2026

Brynjolfsson 2026

Tucker 2026

Yotzov 2026

Pew Research 2025

Acemoglu 2026

Gimbel 2026

Chandar 2026

Eloundou 2026

Knockel 2020

Funk 2023

Pause AI

Hatz 2025

Mytton 2021

Li 2025

Miller 2022

Chien 2026

Anderson & Bishop 2026